Imperial Glory — main menu buttons/text not rendered (fixed-function D3D9 pipeline)

Game: Imperial Glory (2005, Pyro Studios), Steam 277450, 32-bit D3D9.

Renderer profile: fixed-function pipeline, vs_1_1 vertex shaders only (9 unique, no pixel shaders). Vertex decls: Position, Position1, Normal, Texcoord, Texcoord1, Color, BlendIndices.

Key anomaly: ~447 SetTextureStageState calls per DrawIndexedPrimitive (measured 1,163,264 SetTextureStageState vs 4864 DrawIndexedPrimitive). Menu background (Bink PergaminoMenu.bik) renders, but menu buttons/text are invisible.

Tried, none fixed: native/emulated d3d9 frontend, windowed/fullscreen, wine winxp/win7, dxmt = d9_scene_batch=0;d9_binding_prune=0;d9_canonical_blend=1, 800×600 and 1024×768, touch input mode.